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斯坦福研究：22~25 岁职场新人受 AI 冲击最大，高等教育可缓冲影响_我的网站

A |     India and emerging market economies (EMEs) will gain “substantially,” reckoned experts, as Japan-based Nomura Holdings predicts “multiple recessions” for the world’s major economies over the next 12 months.,Nomura Holdings on Monday noted that the US, Eurozone, the UK, Japan, South Korea, Australia, and Canada will fall into recession amid tightening government policies and rising living costs.,“A recession in developed countries can result in heightened interest of Foreign Portfolio Investors towards emerging markets, including India, which is the fastest-growing major economy in the world”, Pranav Haldea, managing director of Prime Database, told Sputnik.,Haldea blames the US Fed rate hike aimed at controlling the rising living costs for the current capital outflow from emerging markets, saying interest rates in the US have a huge bearing on FPI flows.,Foreign investors dumped Indian shares worth $6.4 billion in June — the highest net outflow in over two years. Foreign investors withdrew $27.9 billion from Indian equities in the first six months of 2022.,“Once the current rate hike cycle shows signs of abating, FPIs shall again look at emerging markets with renewed interest”, Haldea reckoned.,Economists observe Fed missteps such as the delayed response to inflation, which the latter labeled “transitory” until March this year, hamper economic activity in the US. The US recorded 8.6 percent inflation in May, the highest in four decades.,Massive inflationary pressure is also hindering growth in European economies such as Germany, Spain, and France, which registered 7.6, 10, and 5.2 percent price rises in May, respectively. Inflation in the UK is running at 9.1 percent.,US Unlikely to Avoid Severe Recession if Fed Hikes Interest Rates Too Quickly to Cool Inflation2 July, 02:42 GMT,Economists warn of spreading high inflation beyond commodities to services items, rentals, and wages.,Nomura analysts Rob Subbaraman and Toh Si Ying wrote in a research note that there are increasing signs that the world economy is entering a “synchronized growth slowdown, meaning countries can no longer rely on a rebound in exports for growth”.,Professor Manoj Pant, a prominent economist and vice chancellor at the Indian Institute of Foreign Trade, said that emerging markets would also be affected by a decline in trade; still, some factors may lessen the impact.,“The factors which are operating in our favor are that the bulk of the buying consumers are located in India, and the current geopolitical situation means a lot of countries are looking at India not as a complete replacement, but as a possible third area apart from China and Vietnam”, Pant told Sputnik.,Nomura forecasts a prolonged recession in the United States and a much deeper slump in Europe if Russia entirely cuts off gas to the region.,Despite the global headwinds, the Indian economy is predicted to grow at 7.2 percent in the current fiscal, much higher than any other major global economy.,Experts advise Indian policymakers to capitalize on the structural changes that began in 2016-17 onwards but that were interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic.,“The world is moving much more towards services than manufacturing. China’s boom was based on manufacturing, the services boom will have to be in India. So the question is how well we are able to take account of that. So depending on us, we can actually gain substantially, if we are ready”, Pant added.,However, Pant labeled the new forecast as a continuation of the 2019 recessions, as there has been no boom registered anywhere in the world since then.,China infuses immense hopes to all the developing economies, as economists bet on demand from the world's second-largest economy to mitigate negative impacts, even though they face slowing export demand from the US and Europe.。

B |      8 月 26 日消息，斯坦福数字经济实验室于 8 月 12 日更新论文，依托薪资服务商 ADP 覆盖数百万美国劳动者的高频薪资数据，揭示生成式 AI 普及后劳动力市场的真实变化，报告提示，应届与初入职场的年轻人正承受 AI 带来的最直接冲击。研究报告指出从整体来看，并未发现全美范围大规模岗位被 AI 替代的证据，严重冲击了年轻人的“第一梯级”就业。该报告指出在软件开发和客服等高影响职业中，相比较受人工智能影响较小的领域，22-25 岁年轻人的就业率落后约 19%，而 2025 年差距仅为 13%。

C | 与之对比，同一岗位的资深从业者没有出现同等就业缺口，就业保持平稳甚至有所上升。该研究认为入门级员工更容易受到冲击的部分原因，在于这些岗位依赖大量“编码化知识”。编码化知识指能够通过教育、教材或书面流程传授的正式、标准化、文档化知识。这类知识通常有明确规则，人工智能更容易参与或替代相关工作。对于 22 至 25 岁的年轻人来说，可以通过人工智能“自动化”的职业，其入门级就业率正大幅下降。

D | 对于人工智能仅起到“辅助”作用的工作岗位，入门级就业形势则要复杂得多。与之相对，默会知识（Tacit Knowledge）主要通过实践、导师指导以及反复接触真实场景获得。研究人员认为，人工智能在这类工作中更可能辅助经验丰富的员工，无法直接取代其经验判断。研究还显示，高等教育可以缓冲人工智能对就业的影响。附上参考地址广告声明：文内含有的对外跳转链接（包括不限于超链接、二维码、口令等形式），用于传递更多信息，节省甄选时间，结果仅供参考，包含外链的文章均包含本声明。

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